What are the common equipment used in bio-organic fertilizer production?

In the wave of green agricultural development, bio-organic fertilizers are widely used due to their advantages in improving soil and crop quality. Their standardized production relies heavily on various specialized equipment. From raw material processing to finished product packaging, equipment at each stage plays a crucial role, improving production efficiency and ensuring fertilizer quality. Below, we introduce common equipment used in bio-organic fertilizer production.

Raw material pretreatment equipment is the foundation of production, with core components including crushers and mixers. Raw materials such as straw and livestock manure need to be crushed to a suitable particle size by a straw crusher to increase the specific surface area, facilitating subsequent fermentation and decomposition. For small-scale production, a hammer mill can be used, which is efficient and inexpensive. The mixer is used to evenly mix the crushed main and auxiliary materials with the fermentation agent, adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio and moisture content. Twin-shaft paddle mixers offer high mixing uniformity and are suitable for small to medium-scale production, making them the most commonly used type.

Fermentation equipment is the core of bio-organic fertilizer production, determining the decomposition efficiency and quality. Currently, the most widely used types of fermentation turners are trough-type and tracked type. Trough-type compost turners are suitable for medium to large-scale production, turning materials in the fermentation tank along a track and providing ventilation and oxygenation, shortening the fermentation cycle to 15-20 days. Tracked type compost turners are flexible and convenient, suitable for open-air windrow fermentation, and are suitable for family farms and small processing plants, with lower investment costs. Closed fermentation tanks are used for high-end production, allowing for precise temperature control and achieving rapid maturation that is environmentally friendly and odorless.

Fine processing equipment is used to improve the quality of the finished product, mainly including semi-wet material crushers, screening machines, granulators, dryers, and coolers. After fermentation, the material needs to be finely crushed by a half-wet material crusher to remove lumps and impurities; a drum screen classifies the material, screening out qualified particle sizes, with coarse material returned for re-crushing. Granulators are key equipment in the forming process. Commonly used disc granulators and extrusion granulators can turn finely crushed materials into uniform granules, improving fertilizer flowability and ease of application, and are suitable for large-scale commercial fertilizer production. Dryers follow the granulator, used to reduce the moisture content of the granular materials. Drum dryers use hot air to reduce moisture to below industry standards, preventing mold growth and ensuring storage stability. Coolers are used after drying, using cold air to quickly cool the granules, setting their shape and preventing sticking and moisture regain, further improving product quality and shelf life. Drum coolers are commonly used in conjunction with dryers for higher efficiency.

Finished product packaging equipment is the final step in production. Automatic quantitative packaging scales are the most widely used, providing accurate measurement, rapid filling and sealing, and flexible size adjustments, significantly reducing manual operation and improving packaging efficiency. In addition, conveyors, as auxiliary equipment, run throughout the entire process, responsible for material transfer at each stage, reducing labor intensity.

These common pieces of equipment work together to form a complete bio-organic fertilizer production line, adaptable to different production scale requirements. By selecting appropriate equipment, we can not only realize the resource utilization of waste such as livestock and poultry manure and straw, but also promote the development of green agriculture, turning every organic raw material into high-quality fertilizer that nourishes the soil.