Key Steps in Bio-organic Fertilizer Production

Bio-organic fertilizer is an eco-friendly agricultural input used to improve soil quality and boost crop yields; its quality depends entirely on a standardized production process. The production workflow consists of interconnected stages, with four core steps: raw material pretreatment, high-temperature composting/fermentation, granulation, and screening/packaging. Each step directly determines the fertilizer's viable microbial count, organic matter content, and ultimate field performance.

Raw material pretreatment is the fundamental step in the production of bio-organic fertilizer. The primary raw materials—such as livestock manure, crop stalks, and agricultural waste—undergo sorting, impurity removal, and crushing to eliminate contaminants like stones and plastic. Next, the carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratio and moisture content are adjusted; moisture is controlled at approximately 55% to ensure an optimal environment for microbial proliferation. Specialized functional microbial agents are added and thoroughly mixed with the materials, laying the groundwork for successful fermentation and preventing issues such as incomplete decomposition or crop root burn.

High-temperature composting (fermentation) is the core process and the key factor distinguishing this product from ordinary organic fertilizers. The mixed materials are piled for fermentation, with regular turning and aeration provided by a compost turning machine to facilitate microbial metabolism and heat generation. Maintaining a temperature of 55–70°C for 15–20 days effectively eliminates insect eggs, pathogens, and weed seeds, ensuring the product is safe and harmless. This step thoroughly decomposes organic matter and removes odors, transforming the raw materials into a loose, stable, and fully decomposed substrate that is safe and pollution-free.

Following fermentation, the material moves to the granulation stage. The decomposed material is crushed and refined again; beneficial microbes and trace elements are added according to product standards and mixed thoroughly. The mixture is then processed into uniform granules by a granulator, followed by drying and cooling. Moisture levels are strictly controlled to prevent clumping or mold growth. This stage ensures a balanced nutrient profile and uniform granule appearance, facilitating transport, storage, and mechanized application.

The final stage is screening and packaging. Screening equipment separates granules that meet specifications from fine powder and residual fragments; substandard materials can be recycled for further processing. The granules undergo testing for parameters such as viable bacterial count and organic matter content; once they meet the required standards, they are automatically packaged and warehoused. This standardized finishing process ensures consistent quality for every batch of fertilizer, meeting the standards for agricultural application.