Equipment Composition and Core Functions of a Bio-Organic Fertilizer Production Line

Bio-organic fertilizer is made from raw materials such as livestock and poultry manure and crop straw, after microbial fermentation and maturation. It has the dual functions of fertilizing the soil and improving crop quality. Its standardized production relies on the coordinated operation of a complete set of equipment. A complete bio-organic fertilizer production line can be divided into four major modules according to the process flow: pretreatment, fermentation, deep processing, and finished product handling. Each piece of equipment performs its specific function, ensuring efficient production and product quality.

Pretreatment equipment is the foundation of production, and its core components include crushing equipment, mixing equipment, and screening equipment. Crushing equipment breaks down raw materials such as straw and dead branches to a suitable particle size, facilitating microbial decomposition; mixing equipment accurately proportions raw materials, microbial inoculants, and auxiliary materials to ensure uniform fermentation; screening equipment removes impurities such as stones and metals from the raw materials, preventing damage to subsequent equipment and improving raw material purity.

Fermentation equipment is the core of the bio-organic fertilizer production line, leading the raw material maturation process. The mainstream equipment includes trough-type compost turners and crawler-type compost turners. Trough-type compost turners are suitable for large-scale production, regulating the temperature, humidity, and aeration of the compost pile through regular turning, inhibiting the growth of harmful bacteria and promoting microbial activity; crawler-type compost turners are flexible and convenient, suitable for small and medium-sized production lines, allowing for sufficient aeration of raw materials, shortening the maturation cycle, and generally completing fermentation in 7-15 days to form preliminary organic fertilizer.

Deep processing equipment determines the quality of the finished product, and its core components include granulators, dryers, coolers, and secondary screening machines. The granulator first processes the fermented and dried materials into granules, improving the product's characteristics for storage and transportation. Common types include new type organic fertilizer granulators and disc granulators; after granulation, the material enters the drying stage, where the dryer removes excess moisture from the granules, controlling the moisture content to below 20%, preventing caking and mildew of the finished product; then, the cooler cools the newly produced high-temperature granules to room temperature, preventing internal heating and deterioration after subsequent packaging; finally, the secondary screening machine separates unqualified granules, which are returned to the granulator for reprocessing, ensuring uniform particle size of the finished product.

Finished product handling equipment is responsible for final packaging and warehousing assistance, mainly consisting of packaging machines. The packaging machine can perform quantitative weighing and sealing, improving packaging efficiency and adapting to different specifications of finished products, completing the final step from granules to finished products.

The coordinated operation of the entire set of bio-organic fertilizer equipment realizes standardized and large-scale production from raw materials to finished products, solving the problem of agricultural waste pollution and promoting the development of circular agriculture. Rational equipment configuration and optimized operating parameters can balance production efficiency and product quality, contributing to the high-quality development of the bio-organic fertilizer industry.