What precautions should be taken during the granulation process of bio-organic fertilizers?

The granulation of bio-organic fertilizers is a core link connecting raw material fermentation and finished product packaging, and a critical process in the bio-organic fertilizer production line. Its quality directly determines the marketability, storage stability, and microbial activity of the fertilizer. The granulation process requires a comprehensive approach to material characteristics, process parameters, and equipment operation and maintenance.  Focusing on the following key points is essential to ensure the stable and efficient operation of bio-organic fertilizer equipment.

Raw material pretreatment is the foundation of successful granulation. First, ensure that the raw materials are fully composted, and the fermentation temperature is reduced to below 40°C to prevent undecomposed organic matter from affecting granulation stability. Moisture control is particularly crucial; the ideal moisture content should be maintained at 28%-35%, using the standard of forming a ball when squeezed by hand and crumbling when dropped. Too high a moisture content can lead to particle adhesion and machine blockage, while too low a moisture content results in insufficient viscosity and difficulty in agglomeration. At the same time, thoroughly screen out impurities such as gravel and metal, and the crushing particle size should meet the requirement of 80% passing through an 80-mesh sieve to prevent damage to the bio organic fertilizer equipment or affecting particle uniformity.

Precise control of process parameters is the core of quality assurance. Temperature must be strictly controlled; avoid exceeding 60°C during the granulation stage, and use a low-temperature, high-airflow mode (≤65°C) during the drying process to prevent high temperatures from killing functional bacteria. Different granulation methods have different parameters; extrusion granulation requires matching appropriate pressure, while drum granulation requires adjusting the rotation speed to 8-12 revolutions per minute and the inclination to 2°-3° to ensure sufficient rolling and ball formation of the material. Natural materials such as humic acid should be prioritized as binders, avoiding chemical reagents that may damage fertilizer efficacy.

Equipment operation and microbial protection cannot be ignored. Ensure uniform feeding, controlling the rate through a variable-frequency feeder to avoid overloading and accumulation. Regularly inspect the granulator's blades, liners, and other components, and promptly clean residual materials from the cavity wall to prevent the growth of miscellaneous bacteria and contamination of the microbial agents. Functional bacteria should be added at a low-temperature stage after granulation. Ultrasonic atomization spraying can be used to improve dispersion uniformity, and protective agents such as trehalose can be added if necessary to enhance bacterial viability.

In summary, the granulation process should adhere to the principles of "stable materials, controlled parameters, protected equipment, and preserved active bacteria," achieving both high granulation efficiency and fertilizer efficacy through standardized operation, thus enhancing product competitiveness.

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