What is the process of biofertilizer production?

The production of bio-organic fertilizers requires multiple scientific processes, ensuring meticulous control from raw materials to finished product, ultimately providing high-quality nutrients for agriculture.

Production begins with raw material pretreatment. Workers screen organic waste, such as livestock and poultry manure and crop straw, first remove metal impurities through magnetic separation, and then crush the materials into 2-5 mm particles. The raw materials are then blended to a carbon-to-nitrogen ratio of 25:1 and the moisture content is adjusted to 55%-60%, creating optimal conditions for microbial growth and preventing impurities and excessive moisture from affecting subsequent processes.

Microbial fermentation is the core step. The mixed raw materials are fed into fermentation tanks and inoculated with beneficial bacteria such as Bacillus subtilis. Compost turning machines turn the materials once or twice daily, maintaining a temperature of 55-65°C. This temperature kills insect eggs and pathogens while promoting the decomposition of organic matter. After 15-20 days, the materials mature to a dark brown color, exuding an earthy fragrance, with an organic matter conversion rate exceeding 60%.

Then they enter the advanced processing stage. The composted material is screened to remove impurities, and trace elements are added as needed. It is then pelletized in a granulator (such as a rotary drum granulator or disc granulator). The material then enters the drying stage, using a drum fertilizer dryer. Hot air at 70-80°C fully contacts the pellets within the drum. Online monitoring controls the moisture content to 12%-15%, preventing both clumping and mold growth and preventing the heat from killing beneficial bacteria. After drying, the pellets reach a temperature of 50-60°C and are immediately cooled. A drum fertilizer cooler cools the pellets with ambient air for 15-20 minutes, cooling the temperature to 25-30°C. The pellets are then screened to ensure pellet integrity and bacterial activity.

Finally, packaging and inspection are performed. Automatic quantitative packaging machines are used to precisely package the pellets in 25kg and 50kg bags, with an accuracy of ±0.2kg. Polypropylene woven bags lined with polyethylene film are used for both waterproof and breathable properties. After packaging, information such as the product name, organic matter content, viable bacterial count, and production date is clearly printed. Sampling is then conducted to test key indicators, and only those meeting standards are shipped.

From the scientific treatment of organic waste to the precise control of temperature, humidity, and formulation at every step, the bio-organic fertilizer production line not only recycles resources but also revitalizes the soil in a green and efficient manner. It reduces the environmental burden of chemical fertilizers while improving crop quality, laying a solid foundation for promoting sustainable agricultural development and ensuring food security, becoming a vital link between ecological protection and agricultural production.