What are the steps in the production of biofertilizer?

The production of bio-organic fertilizer is a systematic process involving five core steps, each closely linked to ensure fertilizer quality and efficacy.

The first step is raw material pretreatment. Organic materials such as livestock and poultry manure, straw, and mushroom residue are selected. Impurities (such as gravel and plastic) are removed before the straw and other crude fiber materials are pulverized to 2-5 mm to ensure uniform fermentation. The moisture content is adjusted to 50%-60%, and appropriate auxiliary materials (such as sawdust and rice hulls) are added to adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio to 25:1-30:1, creating a suitable environment for microbial activity.

The second step is thermophilic aerobic fermentation. The pretreated raw materials are piled into a 1.2-1.5 meter high fermentation pile. Specialized functional bacteria (such as Bacillus subtilis and actinomycetes) are introduced, and the pile is regularly turned using a compost turning machine to ensure sufficient oxygen. During the fermentation process, the temperature rises above 55°C for 5-7 days, killing insect eggs and pathogens. The temperature then cools to around 40°C, entering the composting stage. The entire fermentation cycle lasts approximately 20-30 days, until the material reaches a dark brown color and is odorless.

The third step is the refinement of the semi-finished product. The fermented and composted material is further refined by a crushing machine to achieve particle uniformity. A screening machine removes incompletely composted lumps to ensure consistency and lay the foundation for subsequent granulation.

The fourth step is granulation and drying. The refined material is fed into a granulator to form granules with a diameter of 2-4 mm for easy storage and application. The newly formed granules have a high moisture content and are dried in a dryer at 60-80°C to a moisture content of less than 15% to prevent clumping and mold.

The final steps are cooling, screening, and packaging. The dried granules are cooled to room temperature in a cooler and screened again to remove unqualified particles and ensure the product has the required particle size. Qualified particles are packaged according to specifications by automatic packaging machines and marked with information such as production date and nutrient content, completing the entire bio-organic fertilizer production line.