Common Problems and Causes in Bio-Organic Fertilizer Production

Bio-organic fertilizer production lines are susceptible to various problems due to factors such as raw materials, processes, and equipment. These problems not only affect production efficiency but also reduce product quality. The following are some of the most common production issues:

First, odor and incomplete composting occur during the fermentation process of bio-organic fertilizer production lines. Some manufacturers often experience pungent ammonia or hydrogen sulfide odors during composting. This is often due to an imbalance in the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the raw materials. If the proportion of livestock and poultry manure is too high and there is an insufficient carbon source such as straw, anaerobic fermentation can easily occur, producing large amounts of harmful gases. Furthermore, untimely turning and insufficient aeration can cause localized oxygen depletion in the pile, further exacerbating odors. Incomplete composting manifests itself as undecomposed straw and abnormal pH values ​​in the finished product. This is primarily due to the fermentation temperature not reaching or exceeding the high temperature period of 55°C, or the high temperature not lasting long enough, which fails to kill pathogens and insect eggs and fully decomposes crude fiber.

Second, pellet quality issues occur during processing. When producing organic fertilizer pellets, brittle pellets and moisture absorption often cause them to clump. Fragile pellets are often caused by improper moisture control during the conditioning process—excessive moisture content can lead to loose pellets, while too low moisture content can make them difficult to form. Insufficient or incorrectly selected binders can also affect pellet strength. Moisture absorption and clumping are related to the coating process. If the coating material is improperly selected or the coating thickness is uneven, the finished product can easily absorb moisture from the air, causing caking during storage and compromising ease of use.

Finally, there's the issue of inconsistent finished product quality. Some companies' bio-organic fertilizers often fail to meet viable bacterial count standards. This is due to improper inoculation timing—inoculation during high temperatures kills beneficial bacteria; or excessively high storage temperatures and poorly sealed packaging can inactivate the bacteria. Furthermore, differences in raw material batches can also lead to quality fluctuations. Livestock and poultry manure from different sources can contain varying bacterial counts and heavy metal levels. Failure to properly test and pre-treat the raw materials can easily lead to nutrient imbalances and excessive heavy metal content in the finished product.

If these issues are not addressed promptly, they will not only increase production costs for bio-organic fertilizer production lines but also impact the market reputation of bio-organic fertilizers. Producers need to optimize their processes and strengthen process control.

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